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              Market Makers (MM): A brokerage or bank that maintains an ask or bid price, keeping the liquidity of a security intact. 
              Due Diligence (DD): Research! The research that you do before investing in a particular security.
              The Spread: The difference between the ask and bid prices. 
              Press Release (PR): Communications put out by a company, usually hype that can drive the price per share or other news that can drop the share value. 
              Halted: When a stock is no longer actively trading on an exchange for any variety of reasons. 
              Reverse Split (RS): Reversing the shares outstanding to improve stock price. a 1-10 split means that a stock previously valued at 10 cents is now valued at 1 dollar. 
              PPS: Price per share. 
              Basher: Someone who visits internet message boards and posts disparaging remarks about a security in order to cause a fall in share price. AKA, a shorter. Opposite of a pumper.